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10 things you need to know about Japanese Tsubas

  • Writer: Artmediary
    Artmediary
  • Apr 26, 2024
  • 2 min read

Updated: Apr 29, 2024

Tsubas, the ornate guards between the blade and handle of Japanese swords, are much more than just functional pieces. Here are ten essential facts you need to know about these emblematic objects of Japanese art and culture.


Four-lobed Japanese tsuba decorated with two Chinese lions and peony flowers, iron, circa 1700, kept at the Musée Cernuschi in Paris


1. Function and importance:


Far from being mere accessories, tsubas transcend their primary function of protecting the hand. They are a central element in the aesthetics of the Japanese sword, a veritable showcase for miniature art of great finesse. Their presence sublimates the sword and underlines its importance in Japanese tradition.


2. Manufacture:


Iron and steel are the most common materials for tsubas, but other options exist, such as bronze, brass, copper, and even rarer materials such as gold, ivory or wood. Tsuba decoration features a wide range of artistic techniques, including carving, damascening, engraving and painting, giving each piece its own unique character.


3. Shapes and styles:


The variety of shapes and styles of tsubas reflects the different eras and schools of manufacture. Simple, geometric shapes such as rounds, ovals and squares sit alongside more complex and daring designs, reflecting the evolution of tastes and techniques over time.



Round Japanese tsuba, decorated with large vine leaves around the edge, iron, circa 1700, kept at the Musée Cernuschi in Paris


4. Decorative motifs:


The world of decorative motifs on tsubas is infinitely rich. From natural elements such as flowers and animals to mythological figures and religious or historical scenes, each design tells a story and expresses the artist's creativity.


5. Symbolism:


The choice of motifs is never anodyne. Each decorative element has a deep symbolic meaning. The dragon symbolises power and strength, while the butterfly represents beauty and fragility. The tsuba thus becomes a veritable amulet, a talisman carrying messages and values.


6. The signature:


Quality tsubas often bear the signature of the artist who made them. This signature can be engraved, inlaid or affixed in the form of a seal, authenticating the work and giving it additional historical and artistic value.


7. Value:


The value of a tsuba is influenced by several factors, including its age, rarity, quality of manufacture and state of preservation. Some old and exceptional tsubas can fetch exorbitant prices on the antiques market, becoming coveted pieces for collectors.



Mokko Gata Tsuba, copper, 1860, kept at the Musée Cernuschi in Paris


8. Collection:


Tsubas fascinate lovers of Japanese art and ancient weapons the world over. Many museums and private collections exhibit these precious objects, offering a glimpse of Japanese craftsmanship and its evolution over the centuries.


9. Conservation:


Due to their fragile nature, tsubas require special care. Protecting them from damp, heat and impact is crucial to ensuring their longevity and preserving their historical and aesthetic value.


10. Appreciation:


Exploring the world of tsubas opens a fascinating door to Japanese art and culture. By learning more about these sword guards, you will enrich your understanding of Japanese history and traditions, while discovering an artistic world of incomparable richness and beauty.


Don't hesitate to share your comments and questions about Japanese tsubas!


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